| 1978: |
Local teams spring up in Los Angeles, Oregon and North
Carolina to better identify child abuse fatalities. |
| 1980s: |
Teams expand to other states through grass roots efforts. |
| 1990: |
Landmark Missouri Child Fatality study validated that child
abuse deaths are grossly underreported. This leads to a Missouri
state law mandating reviews of all child deaths through age 14.
Child Death Review advocates, especially Michael Durfee of California
and Gus Kolilis of Missouri, persistently encourage states to develop programs
and begin to track implementation throughout the U.S.
A U. S. Healthy People 2000 Objective in the Violence Section includes,
“improve child death review systems.”
|
| 1991: |
The American Bar Association Center on Children and the
Law receives Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funds for a Child Maltreatment
Fatalities Project, and publishes Child Death Review Teams: a Manual for
Design and Implementation and Child Fatality Legislation in the United
States as resources to help organize child death review teams. |
| 1992: |
An article in JAMA describes the need to expand national
implementation of CDR in response to “critical need for the systematic
evaluation and case management of suspicious child deaths.”
The Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) at HRSA convenes an advisory
group on CDR, which recommends that the primary purpose of CDR should be
prevention and that teams should implement the most expansive and comprehensive
approach for identifying cases.”
|
| 1993: |
The federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
requires states to include information on child death review in their program
plans. |
| 1994: |
The Missing and Exploited Children Comprehensive Action
Project holds a two-day national training teleconference on child fatality
review teams, with funding from the Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP).
The American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children forms a Task
Force on CDR and publishes a special issue report on Child Fatalities.
Missouri convenes a national symposium on CDR. Forty-three states attend.
|
| 1995: |
The U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect focuses
on fatal abuse and in the report, A Nation’s Shame, find that 45 states
have some type of review program and recommends that there be a nationwide
system of child death review teams to understand and reduce child abuse
and neglect deaths.
The Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs issued a paper
recommending that MCHB assume leadership in assisting states in CDR development;
and that state Title V Directors develop CDR systems that focus on the
prevention of all child deaths.
|
| 1996: |
OJJDP funds the Interagency Council on Child Abuse and
Neglect (ICAN) in Los Angeles to serve as a resource for CDR teams, with
a focus on abuse and neglect. ICAN establishes the ICAN National Center
for Child Fatality Review. Funding continues through present day.
In the reauthorization of CAPTA, Congress requires states to establish
at least three Citizens Review Panels, and mandates that at least one of
them review child maltreatment deaths and near deaths.
|
| 1997: |
The ABA Center on Children and the Law’s Child Fatality
Project, with funding from the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect
in the Administration for Children, Youth and Families, holds a national
CDR training in Washington, DC and produces a Child Fatality Training Curriculum
and A Selected Annotated Bibliography of Resource Materials for Child Fatality
Review Teams.
A number of states expand CDR reviews to all causes of child deaths
(e.g. Arizona, Texas, Michigan, Colorado, Missouri, and Oregon.)
This trend continues today.
An MCHB survey of state Title V programs finds that 15 of 41 states
are funding local CDR efforts.
MCHB convenes a meeting of child death review, fetal infant mortality
review and SIDS program experts to develop national recommendations for
program coordination.
|
| 1999: |
The Midwest Coalition for Child Death Review is organized
and holds its first annual meeting; and continues to meet annually each
year thereafter. |
| 2000: |
The U.S. Healthy People 2010 Injury Prevention Objective
is changed to state: Extend state-level child fatality review of deaths
to deaths due to external causes for children aged 14 years and under.
MCHB funds three states to develop review models integrating CDR, fetal
infant mortality review, and/or maternal mortality review.
The Southeast Coalition on Child Fatalities is organized and holds its
first bi-annual conference. Subsequent conferences are held in 2002
and 2005.
OJJDP’s establishes a national training program of several weeklong
training sessions on Child Death Investigation that include modules on
child fatality review teams.
|
| 2001: |
Western states meet for a CDR training session in Lake
Tahoe, coordinated by ICAN with funding from OJJDP. |
| 2002: |
The National Fetal Infant Mortality Review Program publishes
a special issue focused on the integration of CDR and FIMR.
MCHB awards a three-year grant to the Michigan Public Health Institute
for the National MCH Center for Child Death Review.
|
| 2003: |
State Child Death Review Program Directors from 46 states
convene at a meeting in Chicago funded through the National MCH Center
for Child Death Review.
The National MCH Center for Child Death Review, with active participation
of CDR staff from 25 states, develops a National CDR Program Manual and
a Child Death Review Case Reporting System.
In the reauthorization of CAPTA, Congress recognizes that there may
be a duplication of efforts in states with both Child Death Review and
Citizens Review Panels, and thus changes from mandatory to permissive the
requirement of Citizen Review Panels to study child fatalities and near
fatalities. Fourteen states report that their child death review
teams serve a dual function as a CAPTA Citizen’s Review Panel for Child
Fatalities.
Results of a two-year study of the status of child death review teams
in the U.S. is published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine:
Child Death Review, The State of the Nation.
Results of a review of child death review legislation, conducted by
researchers at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, and funded
by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association
of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, is published in the Journal of Law,
Medicine and Ethics.
|
| 2004: |
The State of Missouri, the National Child Death Review Resource Center
and the Missouri Children’s Trust Fund sponsor the Second National Symposium
on Child Death Review, attended by 350 persons from 36 states and three
countries.
In February, The Association of State and Territorial Health Officers
publishes an Issue Brief, State Efforts to Improve Child Death Review,
describing the status of CDR in the U.S. and stating that CDR data
and recommendations can help state and local public health agencies decide
where to best invest their prevention dollars.
In November, The National Conference of State Legislatures issues a
report, Preventing Child Fatalities. The report in is an overview
of CDR and includes a listing of state policy options for child death review.
The Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center at the University
of Washington is awarded a three year grant from MCHB’s Emergency Services
for Children Program to develop a computer-based decision-support tool
for child death review teams to use in identifying evidence based prevention
options from their reviews.
|
| 2005: |
Five regional meetings of state teams from the Northeast, Southeast,
Midwest and West are held, with funding from MCHB through the National
MCH Center for Child Death Review.
The Child Death Review Case Reporting System is launched as a pilot
in 12 states.
A new U.S. Healthy People 2010 Injury Prevention Objective is being
considered as measurable: Objective 15-6: "Extend to 50, the number
of states and the District of Columbia, where 100% of deaths to children
aged 17 years and younger that are due to external causes, are reviewed
by a child fatality review team, and 100% of all sudden and unexpected
infant deaths (under one year of age) are reviewed.”
MCHB funds the National Center for Child Death Review for three more
years, following a competitive review process.
All but one state (Idaho) report that they have state and/or local CDR
teams reviewing child fatalities.
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